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　　without的用法：1、接在not、never等否定副詞后，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)與肯定。2、表示否定，意為“沒(méi)有”、“不需要”。3、表示條件，意為“若無(wú)”、“若非”。4、與動(dòng)名詞形式連用，表示“不”、“無(wú)”。5、后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：without+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞、without+賓語(yǔ)+不定式等。

　　一、without的基本用法

　　1.(用在no,not,never等否定副詞之后,強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定)沒(méi)有……不,沒(méi)有……則不能……,每……必定…….如：

　　You can't get rich without taking risks.人不冒險(xiǎn)不富.

　　The old man cannot walk without a stick.那位老先生離開(kāi)手杖就走不了路.

　　Don't go out without a coat:you'll catch your death.別不穿外套出去,會(huì)得重感冒的.

　　2.(表否定)沒(méi)有,無(wú),不需.如：

　　The letter was posted without a stamp.那封信沒(méi)貼郵票就寄出去了.

　　We got there without any trouble.我們到了那兒,一路上沒(méi)遇到任何麻煩.

　　You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella.雨天外出不帶傘會(huì)淋濕的.

　　3.(表?xiàng)l件)若無(wú),若非.如：

　　I don't like to go to a country without knowing something of the language.我要是不懂得一點(diǎn)那個(gè)國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言,就不想到那個(gè)國(guó)家去.

　　Without water,we cannot live.沒(méi)有水,我們就活不了.

　　Can you see without your glasses?你不戴眼鏡能看得清東西嗎?

　　4.(與-ing形式連用)不,無(wú),沒(méi).如：

　　She entered the room without knocking.她沒(méi)敲門(mén)就進(jìn)了房間.

　　They had to stand for hours without changing position.他們得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地站幾個(gè)小時(shí).

　　It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking.你也不問(wèn)一聲就自己吃起來(lái)是不太禮貌的.

　　二、without作表語(yǔ)的用法

　　without引出的介詞短語(yǔ)通常用作狀語(yǔ),但有時(shí)也可用作表語(yǔ).如：

　　She is completely without shame.她恬不知恥.

　　My investigations were without result.我的調(diào)查毫無(wú)結(jié)果.

　　三、without后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的用法

　　without后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

　　1.without+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)

　　We'd be better off without them as neighbors.要是沒(méi)有這些鄰居,我們就過(guò)得更愉快了.

　　I don't like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.我不喜歡加糖的咖啡,里邊不加糖我更喜歡.

　　2.without+賓語(yǔ)+副詞

　　I'd be lost without you here.沒(méi)有你在這兒,我會(huì)一籌莫展.

　　I'm very near-sighted without my glasses on.我要是不戴眼鏡十分近視.

　　3.without+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)名詞

　　Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.無(wú)人注意,他從窗戶溜了出去.

　　They debated for hours without a decision being taken.他們爭(zhēng)論了幾個(gè)小時(shí),也沒(méi)作出決定.

　　4.without+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞

　　Without another word exchanged,they started off.沒(méi)有再交談一句,他們就出發(fā)了.

　　5.without+賓語(yǔ)+不定式

　　Without anyone to help,how can we go on?沒(méi)有人幫忙,我們?cè)趺茨苓M(jìn)行下去?

　　It was boring to sit there without anything to do.無(wú)所事事地坐在那里太無(wú)聊了.