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　　動(dòng)詞不定式的用法：1、動(dòng)詞不定式做主語時(shí)，用it作形式主語，不定式后置。2、動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語常接在謂語動(dòng)詞或系表結(jié)構(gòu)后。3、動(dòng)詞不定式可以做目的狀語，可以表達(dá)將來時(shí)態(tài)。4、疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式表示“應(yīng)該如何做/何時(shí)做/何地做哪些事”。5、特殊句型如“only to do”，意為“竟然”。

動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

一、動(dòng)詞不定式做主語

　　動(dòng)詞不定式做主語，一般用it作形式主語，不定式后置，具體的句型為It's adj/noun (for sb) to do

　　It's a pity for you to drop out of school.

　　= For you, to drop out of school is a pity.

　　真遺憾，你竟然輟學(xué)了。

　　It's a pleasure for me to be your guest.

　　= For me, to be your guest is a pleasure.

　　很榮幸得到你的邀請(qǐng)。

　　It's a good plan for you to make more friendships.

　　= For you to make more friendships is a good plan.

　　廣交朋友是個(gè)好辦法。

　　It's a good idea for you to eat less fried food

　　= For you to eat less fried food is a good idea.

　　你少吃點(diǎn)油炸食品是好想法。

　　It was difficult to answer the question.

　　這問題很難回答。

　　It looked impossible for me to finish on time.

　　我似乎不可能按時(shí)完成了。

　　It was stupid of him to press the emergency button.

　　他按了緊急按鈕，這真愚蠢。

　　如果形容詞既可以修飾句子中的人，也可以修飾句子中的不定式，人前要用“of”

　　二、動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語

　　1. 謂語動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式(多數(shù)動(dòng)詞屬于此類動(dòng)詞)

　　Some students hate to study English.

　　有些學(xué)生不喜歡研讀英語。

　　You need to study in a quiet place.

　　你必須在安靜的地方讀書。

　　He likes to go to the movie.

　　他喜歡去看電影。

　　She wants to help Mary.

　　她想要幫助瑪麗。

　　She pretended not to go.

　　她假裝不去。

　　He pretended to be a good man.

　　他假裝是好人。

　　They agreed to have a meeting the next week.

　　他們同意下星期開會(huì)。

　　They stopped to have a rest.

　　他們停下來休息。(停下去做)

　　I have stopped smoking for half a year.

　　我已經(jīng)半年不抽煙了。(停止做)

　　She remembered to surf the internet to get information.

　　她記得上網(wǎng)查信息。(記得要做)

　　I remembered bringing my homework.

　　我記得帶作業(yè)了。(記得做過)

　　We happened to meet at the station.

　　我們碰巧在火車站相遇。

　　2. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)+動(dòng)詞不定式

　　glad，sorry，happy，sad，surprised，troubled等與情緒有關(guān)的形容詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　I am glad to see him.

　　我很高興看到他。

　　Sue was troubled to see trash everywhere.

　　蘇看到到處是垃圾很苦惱。

　　Sara was excited to see the rock band.

　　莎拉看到搖滾樂團(tuán)很興奮。

　　His health is likely to get worse.

　　他的健康可能會(huì)惡化。

　　三、 動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰主語+謂語+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式

　　多數(shù)動(dòng)詞，常用的有want，get，compel，expect，ask，would like，advise，urge，wish，tell，allow，permit，trouble，help，teach 等。

　　I told him not to give up.

　　我叫他不要放棄。

　　The teacher urged his students to prepare for the exam.

　　老師勸他的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備考試。

　　They forced me to do things against my will.

　　他們強(qiáng)迫我做違背我心意的事。

　　Do you want me to go there instead of you?

　　要不要我代你到那兒去?

　　I got him to do it.

　　我叫他做這事。

　　Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.

　　他們幫助我，使我能夠順利地完成工作。

　　The father allowed (=permitted) his son to travel abroad alone.

　　父親答應(yīng)讓他的兒子單獨(dú)出國(guó)旅行。

　　We troubled him to turn on the light.

　　我們麻煩他打開電燈。

　　We needed someone to fix the tape recorder.

　　我們需要有人來修理錄音機(jī)。

　　注意：動(dòng)詞不定式做make, have, let, hear, see, feel等動(dòng)詞賓語的補(bǔ)足語，要省略“to”

　　make/have sb. do sth.

　　I made him do it.

　　我叫他做這事。

　　I let him do it.

　　我讓他做這事。

　　They had/made the girl clean the floor.

　　他們叫這個(gè)女孩打掃地板。

　　My father will probably have Tom paint the house green.

　　我爸爸很可能叫湯姆把房子漆成綠色。

　　He had me help him with his homework.

　　他叫我?guī)兔λ黾彝プ鳂I(yè)。

　　Did you notice anyone come in?

　　你注意到有人進(jìn)來過嗎?

　　As far as I remember, I have never seen him smile.

　　在我記憶中，我從未見他笑過。

　　I felt my heart beat violently.

　　我感覺到自己的心跳得很厲害。

　　She liked to listen to children talk.

　　她喜歡聽孩子們談話。

　　四

　　動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語

　　To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.

　　為了確定他在家，我事先打電話給他。

　　He came to China to learn Chinese twenty years ago.

　　他在20年前到中國(guó)學(xué)中文。

　　in order/so as + 動(dòng)詞不定式

　　He must work very hard in order to support his large family.

　　他必須拼命工作以養(yǎng)活他的大家庭。

　　Listen carefully so as to follow the teacher.

　　要仔細(xì)聽才能聽懂老師講的課。

　　You must watch your step so as not to fall down.

　　你必須留心腳下才不會(huì)跌下去。

　　be used + 動(dòng)詞不定式

　　The book is used to teach us how to write.

　　這本書教我們?nèi)绾螌懽鳌?/p>

　　The knife can be used to cut meat.

　　刀能用來切肉。

　　The book is used as a reference book.

　　這本書被用來做參考書。

　　五、動(dòng)詞不定式表達(dá)將來

　　1. be going to ...

　　說明︰ “將做…”。，表示最近之未來將做的行為或未來的意圖。

　　經(jīng)常用于口語，表示包含講話者的主觀或感情的情形。

　　He is going to marry Jane in May.

　　他打算五月和珍結(jié)婚。

　　I am going to stay up late to finish my paper.

　　為了完成報(bào)告我打算熬夜不睡。

　　I’m afraid he is going to lose the match.

　　我恐怕他會(huì)輸?shù)舯荣悺?/p>

　　The train was just going to start when we arrived.

　　我們到達(dá)時(shí)，火車馬上就要開了。

　　My father was a sailor and I’m going to be one, too.

　　我父親(以前)是水手，我也打算當(dāng)水手。

　　2. be about to ...

　　說明︰意為“將做…”。表示極近的未來之行為。

　　He was surely about to change his mind. 他一定會(huì)改變主意。

　　She was about to walk out of the door when it began raining.

　　她正要出門，天下起了雨。

　　Something unusual was about to happen. 某種不尋常的事正要發(fā)生。

　　3. be to ...

　　說明︰含有事先的安排或命令，表示“必須…;應(yīng)該…;打算…”。

　　At the end of the course, all students are to take a written exam.

　　本門課程結(jié)束時(shí)，所有學(xué)生都要參加書面考試。

　　Mr Jones is to speak at the meeting.

　　瓊斯先生將在會(huì)議上發(fā)言。

　　4. be bound to ... “一定…”

　　In such a hurry, she was bound to leave something behind that she would need later.

　　她走得太匆忙，一定會(huì)忘帶要用的東西的。

　　He is bound to come tonight.

　　他今天晚上一定會(huì)來。

　　After wasting her study time hanging out with friends, Rebecca was bound to fail her quiz the next day.

　　瑞貝卡浪費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和朋友出去瞎混，她第二天的測(cè)試一定不會(huì)及格的。

　　六、疑問詞(how/what/when/where/which/whose(+名詞))+動(dòng)詞不定式

　　“應(yīng)該如何做/何時(shí)做/何地做/做哪些事…”。

　　How do I know what to do and what not to do?

　　我怎么知道什么該做，什么不該做?

　　What to do is one question, and how to do it is quite another.

　　應(yīng)該做什么和應(yīng)該怎樣做是完全不同的兩個(gè)問題。

　　We haven’t decided where to go for lunch. 我們還沒有決定去哪里午餐。

　　There are so many fancy cars on display here that I don’t know which to buy.

　　有這么多的豪華汽車在此展出，我不知要買哪一輛才好。

　　I don’t know which advise to follow.

　　不曉得該聽誰的勸告。

　　How to begin is more difficult than where to stop.

　　如何著手遠(yuǎn)比在何處結(jié)束來得困難。

　　The problem is when to get the money we need.

　　問題是什么時(shí)候能得到我們所需要的錢。

　　I have no other wish except to pass the examination.

　　我除了要通過考試之外，沒有別的心愿。

　　七、含動(dòng)詞不定式的其它特殊句型

　　1, ... too ... to ...

　　說明︰意為“太…而(使某人)不能…”。

　　He walked too slowly to catch up with me.

　　他走得太慢而不能跟上我。

　　It is too dark in this room for me to read a book.

　　房間太暗，使我無法看書。

　　This problem is too difficult for them to settle.

　　這對(duì)他們來說真是一個(gè)難解的問題。

　　The price is too low for customers to believe.

　　價(jià)格低得令顧客難以相信。

　　He is too young a boy to do it.

　　他還太小，無法做這事。

　　He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us.

　　他手頭的工作太多了，不能跟我們?nèi)ヒ安汀?/p>

　　I am only too glad to accept your kind invitation.

　　我非常高興地接受你的邀請(qǐng)。

　　He is only too willing to serve friends.

　　他極愿為朋友效勞。

　　2, ADJ/ADV + enough to ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“足以…”。

　　We need several men strong enough to do the work.

　　我們需要幾個(gè)強(qiáng)壯得足以做這件工作的人。

　　They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in.

　　我們買了一棟房子，大得足以供十個(gè)人住。

　　He is competent enough to fill that position.

　　他足以勝任那職位。

　　He ran fast enough to catch the thief.

　　他跑得飛快，足以抓住那小偷。

　　Our teacher is old enough to retire.

　　我們老師年紀(jì)已夠得上退休了。

　　3, ... be good enough to ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“請(qǐng)你…好嗎?”。語氣較客氣。

　　Would you be good enough to turn the radio down a bit?

　　請(qǐng)你把收音機(jī)的聲音關(guān)小一點(diǎn)好嗎?

　　Would you be good enough to keep silent?

　　請(qǐng)你保持安靜好嗎?

　　Would you be good enough to move a bit to the right?

　　請(qǐng)你往右邊移一點(diǎn)好嗎?

　　4, ... enough + N + to do ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“有足夠的…可以做…”。

　　He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car.

　　他有足夠的錢買一輛汽車。

　　It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to sponsor the project.

　　遺憾的是他沒有足夠的錢來支持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。

　　5,... only to do ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“竟然…;卻…”。表示與先前的努力相反的結(jié)果，一般用在句尾。

　　He studied hard only to fail in the exam.

　　他這么用功，結(jié)果竟然考場(chǎng)失利。

　　He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.

　　他一路沖往車站，結(jié)果還是錯(cuò)過了火車。

　　I went out, merely to get caught in a shower.

　　我跑出去，結(jié)果徒然碰到一場(chǎng)驟雨。

　　6, ... have only to do ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“只需…就夠了”。

　　You have only to sit there and watch what I am doing.

　　你只要坐在這里，看著我做就行了。

　　Don’t worry; you have only to sing a song to please her.

　　不用擔(dān)心，你只需唱首歌讓她高興就行了。

　　You have only to ask and he’ll tell you.

　　你只要問他，他就會(huì)告訴你。

　　7, ... seem/appear to ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“似乎是…，好像…”。

　　John seems to love music very much. 約翰似乎很喜歡音樂。

　　He appears to be very tired. 他似乎很累。

　　These stars appear to move around the North Star. 這些星星似乎環(huán)繞著北極星轉(zhuǎn)。

　　8, ... is said to ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“據(jù)說…(現(xiàn)在)是…”。

　　She is said to have given a lot of money to charity.

　　據(jù)說她向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐了大量的錢。

　　That author is said to be very famous.

　　據(jù)說，那個(gè)作家非常有名。

　　They are said to build a hospital here.

　　據(jù)說他們要在這里蓋一家醫(yī)院。

　　八.含動(dòng)詞不定式的常見固定表達(dá)：

　　to tell the truth(老實(shí)說) to be brief(簡(jiǎn)言之)

　　to begin with(首先) to sum up(總之)

　　to make matters worse(更糟的是)

　　so to speak(可以這么說) needless to say(不用說)等。

　　To tell the truth, I don’t agree to your plan.

　　老實(shí)講，我不同意你的計(jì)劃。

　　Mary is, so to speak, a hardworking student.

　　瑪麗可說是個(gè)用功的學(xué)生。

　　Needless to say, learning without thinking is useless.

　　不用說，學(xué)而不思則罔。